Aug 22, 2011 in a superconducting transformer the windings, made of a high temperature superconducting material hts, are cooled with liquid nitrogen at about 77k so that the resistance is almost negligible. A superconducting currentlimiting transformer may be an. Superconducting coaxial turn transformer felix schauer anstalt for tieftemperaturforschung steyrergasse 19, a8010 graz, austria received 3 november 1989, revised 10 may 1990 the concept of a superconducting coaxial turn transformer is presented. A high frequency superconducting aircore transformer the proposed power transformer is constructed by using superconductor wound on an air core, the primary and secondary windings as shown in figure 5 are spiral in shape, and they are made in bifilar way and interleaved each other. Superconducting coaxial turn transformer sciencedirect. Experimental superconducting transformer for current set up. Aug, 2015 there are a few pilot projects to do just that. Effectiveness of superconducting fault current limiting. Comparison of the efficiency of superconducting and. This article describes the development of a directcurrent dc superconducting transformer system for the high current test of superconducting cables. A transformer uses a magnetic circuit in order to decrease the noload current. Pdf superconducting selfresonant aircore transformer. Losses in windings of superconducting traction transformer, 2d and 3d model milan krasl, rostislav vlk, jindrich rybar department of electromechanics and power electronics university of west bohemia universitni 26, 306 14 pilsen czech republic abstract.
Tapeshaped superconducting wires are made by forming a superconducting film on the substrate. So a current in the first coil forces there to be a current in the second coil. These problems would be simplified if one could make a suitable current stepup transformer. Applications of high temperature superconductivity in electrical power devices. In this study, the characteristics of a transformertype sfcl are analyzed depending on reclosing in changing the number of secondary winding turns. Csanyigroups work as a notforprofit organization needs your support. Effect of hightemperature superconducting power technologies. The incomplete center was a slug of covered silicon steel. Hightemperature superconducting electric power products. The power source was a 25hp steam engine driving an alternator with an output of 500 v and 12 a. Hightemperature superconducting hts transformers for power. A larger, 510 mva systemlevel prototype transformer program was subsequently designed and built. The paper deals with a superconducting traction transformer. A varying current in any one coil of the transformer produces a varying magnetic flux in the transformers core, which induces a varying electromotive force across any other coils wound around the same core.
Can superconductors be used to reduce transmission losses in. Superconducting transformer design and construction core. High temperature superconducting partial core transformer. Their application to domestic power supply is also explained as are the reasons why they will become the standard method of power distribution. A superconducting transformer brings savings in weight, loss and to a lesser degree, in volume. The potential savings associated with using hts generators are enormous and are outlined in this article as are their usage and benefits.
Losses in windings of superconducting traction transformer. Yet there are little published researches on the use of superconducting technology to power land transport vehicles in the field of automobiles. Transforming the grid to revolutionize electric power in. The use of high temperature superconductor tapes enables. Oct 11, 2001 high temperature superconducting cables are defined as are the different types, warm dielectric and cryogenic dielectric. The transformer has superconducting windings and also provides fault current limiting capability to reduce high fault currents. As a unique electrical engineering portal with much different approach to sharing knowledge than others, we encourage you to make a small donationgift and show us that you care. Characteristics of transformertype superconducting fault. Superconducting transformer design and construction. Abstract for certain applications one would like to use relatively few turns of a high current conductor to make superconducting magnets. This paper briefly summarizes the history of superconducting transformer.
Abstract the chapter provides an overview of power applications of high temperature superconductivity hts with emphasis on superconducting transformers. Superconducting transformers for study of highcurrent. Experimental results are used to verify the theoretical prediction. Pdf with respect to the electric power industry, the superconducting. Does ornl part of initiative for superconducting transformer. The primary coil, which receives energy from the ac source. Traction transformer 1 mva, superconducting, oilimmersed and medium frequency 191 traction transformer 1mva, superconducting, oilimmersed and medium frequency m. The invention discloses an automatic liquid supplementation device of a hightemperature superconducting transformer. The secondary coil, which receives energy from the primary winding and delivers it to the load. Superconducting selfresonant aircore transformer conference paper pdf available in pesc record ieee annual power electronics specialists conference 1.
Superconducting transformers using high current density high temperature superconductor hts wire cooled with liquid nitrogen can be lighter and more efficient than conventional power transformers. Noe, eucas short course, superconducting transformers kitzentrum energie year organization country power in kva data voltage per winding supercond. New superconducting transformer is light and compact date. Uses for superconductors magneticlevitation is an application where superconductors perform extremely well. The superconducting transformer consisted of three windings. Development of hightemperature superconducting transformers for. A copper winding transformer model, based on a steinmetz equivalent circuit and a reverse design method, is described. Distribution network modelling and analysis of the. Unlike an ordinary metallic conductor, whose resistance decreases gradually as its temperature is lowered even down to near absolute zero, a superconductor has a. Pdf this paper provides a brief summary on various superconducting aircore transformers. Further development work has focused on the use of 2g hts wire in the device. Then, sct can be recovered to the superconducting state from the normal state with enough time. High current conductors introduce the problem of large heat leaks, and also the problem of a high current power supply. An overview of superconducting transformer technology.
Researchers from the technology foundation stw and. Acker lahrence radiation laboratory, university ofcalifornia berkeley, california, usa for certain applications one would like to use relatively few turns of a high current conductor to make super conducting magnets. Seminar on development of hightemperature superconducting transformers for railway applications presented by. Introduction in recent years, electrification of automobiles is in. The conductors of the 50 ka superconducting transformer for sstf. A conceptual design for a coreless superconducting transformer sct is made, based on the above views and its merits evaluated. A new design of a 15kva single phase full core superconducting transformer, operating in liquid nitrogen, is presented.
This paper describes the design of a 3 phase high temperature superconducting hts transformer and its characteristics are analyzed. A superconducting wire can transmit a dc current without losses or an ac current with an extremely small loss. In a superconducting transformer the windings, made of a high temperature superconducting material hts, are cooled with liquid nitrogen at about 77k so that the resistance is almost negligible. High temperature superconducting partial core transformers. Introduction in recent years, electrification of automobiles is in progress. A composite material dewar was developed to contain the fluid nitrogen.
Performance of a sparkignition engine fuelled with hydrogen using a highpressure injector. This setup can reduce potentially occurring short circuits to less than 50% of the prospective values within a few milliseconds. Three phase transformer winding configurations and. In a superconducting transformer the primary dissipates no power except for a small electromagnetic radiation term, so near 100% efficiency can be obtained with no core at all. Application of superconductors for automobiles sumitomo electric. The project started in october 1996 and ended in september. Selected hightemperature superconducting electric power. The authors have developed an engine using bismuth superconducting wire and mounted it in an electric car. The way that the field on the second coil can be kept to zero is for just the right current to flow in it to make a field to cancel the field from the first coil. The reverse design model is discussed followed by the model parameters that are used in designing the high temperature superconducting partial core transformer. This temperature, called the transition temperature, varies for different materials but generally is below 20 k. Any material exhibiting these properties is a superconductor. Thats a pretty effective way to eliminate core losses. Superconductivity, complete disappearance of electrical resistance in various solids when they are cooled below a characteristic temperature.
Electrical energy is a major source of the entire process of evolution and modern lifestyle. The early development of high temperature superconducting partial core transformers at the. A transformer is a passive electrical device that transfers electrical energy from one electrical circuit to another, or multiple circuits. Evaluation of an efficiencent transformer core design poonam lutchman a dissertation submitted to the faculty of engineering and the built environment, university of the witwatersrand, in fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of master of science in engineering. Electrical power engineering, school of electronics and computer science.
Cn102426464a automatic liquid supplementation device of. The windings were layer twisted with bi2223 hts wire. Netherlands organization for scientific research summary. The magnetic circuit can operate either at the same temperature than the superconducting windings or at room temperature. The issues with building the superconducting transformer are outlined. A 7 bus wind farmbased model simulated in pscad and on the 80 bus simplified australian power system model simulated in realtime digital simulator.
Hightemperature superconducting hts transformers, defined by highcurrent density hts conductors and liquid nitrogen dielectric, have many potential advantages over conventional oilimmersed transformers, such as smaller, lighter, more efficient, low fire and environmental hazard, overload capability without reduction in lifetime, low output. Experimental superconducting transformer for current stepupt ferd voelker and robert c. A method of estimating the total ac loss in a hightemperature superconducting transformer winding. The transformer consists of a corefree 10 464 turn primary solenoid which is enclosed by a 6.
New superconducting transformer is light and compact. A superconducting transformer coil 2 is arranged inside a liquid nitrogen dewar 1 of the superconducting transformer. Pdf superconducting aircore transformers and their. Does ornl part of initiative for superconducting transformer august 31, 1998 a superconductivity partnership initiative to be signed tuesday by the department of energy doe and waukesha electric systems is a mega boost toward nextgeneration transformers that are vastly more efficient, reliable and compact. As ac loss and critical current of hts tapes are dependent on. We describe the hightemperature superconducting hts transformer project run by siemens. This provides superconducting wires capable of containing ac loss. Characteristics of switchable superconducting flux transformer with dc superconducting quantum interference device yoshihiro shimazu and takashi niizeki department of physics, yokohama national university, yokohama 2408501, japan crest, japan science and technology agency, kawaguchi, saitama 3320012, japan. For a transformer, the annual energy loss depends on the loaddependent efficiency of the transformer and the characteristic load curve at the specific location in the grid or elsewhere. The nbti based conductors for primary and secondary windings are described. Development of a 1 mva 3phase superconducting transformer using ybco roebel cable.
Among the advantages of this is that it actually works dc, not just ac, unlike a standard transformer. It is worth noting that the reactance of transformers is less, considering the whole power system, thus having less influence upon the stability of the power system. The 50 ka transformer for samsung superconductor test facility sstf, which will charge the korean superconducting tokamak advanced research cableinconduit conductor samples for 1 s is under design. At first glance, the complete absence of losses in the dc case engenders some attractive possibilities for dc power transmission, while the existence of ac losses due to electrical and mechanical forces apparently decreases. The net result is that although a superconducting transformer is likely to save a utility money over a long period of time many transformers see over 30 years of service, the initial cost is much higher than for a traditional resistive transformer. Superconducting selfresonant aircore transformer semantic. This paper highlights the developments of the high temperature superconducting htsting power transmission and. However, it is doubtful that superconductors will proliferate through the entire power grid. A superconducting transformer system for high current.
High temperature superconducting transmission cables. The rated current of the transformer was 65a on all the windings. High temperature superconducting hts generators can provide fast reactive power support and maintain constant power flow across a power grid. Pdf the superconducting transformer of the samsung. The core, which makes a path for the magnetic flux. In accidents due to increased power consumption, the fault current sharply increases.
This transformer is important for future conversion and its applications are for elimination of the core and reduce the power loss and eliminate the core saturation. The introduction of sc machines into the power system needs to display the merits of not only efficiency improvement, but also power system performance and operation. Development of the superconducting transformer is arguably the most difficult of the ac power applications of superconductivity this is because of the need for verylow ac losses, adequate fault and surge performance, and the rigors of the application environment. The inside winding was rated for 230v and both the middle and outside windings rated for 115v. How can superconducting transformers transform steady dc. Outline superconducting transformers o transformer history o basic transformer design o motivation of superconducting transformers o basics of superconducting transformers o types o electrical circuit o losses and loss evaluation o stateoftheart 10. Superconductivity by joe khachan and stephen bosi the discovery of superconductors the phenomenon of superconductivity, in which the electrical resistance of certain materials completely vanishes at low temperatures, is one of the most interesting and sophisticated in condensed matter physics. No transformer fewer cells in series downsizing no transmission large torque superconducting motor. Allais nexans superconducting cable system hanover germany abstract superconducting power transmission cables have taken a step towards industrial transfer. A 1 mva prototype hts transformer was designed and built by the team and successfully tested in 1998. Performance of a sparkignition engine fuelled with. First, a copper mockup of the superconducting transformer was designed where the mockup would have the same tape and winding dimensions.
At least the superconducting film is slit, electrically separated into a plurality of superconducting film parts each having a rectangular cross section and arranged in parallel to form parallel conductors. Comparison of the efficiency of superconducting and conventional transformers. Le abstract recent works have highlighted the strength of the transformer architecture on sequence tasks while, at the same time, neural architecture search. Transport vehicles such as trains can be made to float on strong superconducting magnets, virtually eliminating friction between the train and its tracks. Modelling and measurement of ac loss in a superconducting. The goal of this work is the comparison of the efficiency and the annual energy losses of a superconducting from 2g high temperature superconductors and. The 50 ka transformer for samsung superconductor test facility sstf, which will charge the korean superconducting tokamak advanced research cableinconduit conductor samples for 1 s is under. Vlk 3 1katedra elektromechaniky a vykonove elektroniky, zapadoeska univerzita v plzni. Us20060077025a1 superconducting wire and superconducting. Considerations about hts superconducting transformers.
The transformer the principle parts of a transformer and their functions are. Transforming the grid to revolutionize electric power in north america december 11, 2003. The current in the sample is energized by a superconducting transformer circuit, using an inductive method, where the sample conductor is a part of the secondary circuit. Load losses, even after adding losses from nitrogen processing, can be reduced by 50%.
Superconducting fault current limiters sfcl are studied widely to limit such fault currents. Development of hightemperature superconducting motor for. The structural optimizations of the high temperature. A partial core superconducting transformer, that was built in the electrical and computer engineering department, was tested under noload, shortcircuit, fullload and a two minute fullload endurance run. The hts winding can be operated at 2577 k and the core is at near room temperature.
First off, there are superconductors which do not need to be cooled to extraordinarily cold temperatures. The authors have developed an engine using bismuth superconducting wire and mounted it in an electric car, in order to investigate the potentials and challenges of applying superconducting wire to automobiles. Experimental superconducting transformer for current stepupt. University of southampton, southampton so17 1bj, uk. There is a companion article in this issue on superconducting motors. Modelling and measurement of ac loss in a superconducting transformer 2lpo2c 01. Superconductivity is the set of physical properties observed in certain materials, wherein electrical resistance vanishes and from which magnetic flux fields are expelled. One valve is a full ln2 rated manual vent to be used. Mar 24, 2014 high temp superconducting transformer for railway application. Hightemperature superconducting transformer performance. This paper presents a concept of an aircore transformer using superconducting and selfresonant techniques.
Characteristics of switchable superconducting flux. The middle and outside windings were connected in series, in effect making it a 230v230v isolating transformer figure 3. As for passenger vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles have been popular, and some massproduction models of pure electric vehicles have appeared for consumer use. The authors have developed an engine using bismuth superconducting wire and mounted it in an electric car, in order to investigate the potentials and challenges. Oct 22, 2007 the primary dissipates power mainly because of its electrical resistance. The primary dissipates power mainly because of its electrical resistance. A method of estimating the total ac loss in a hightemperature superconducting transformer winding 2003.
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